How can stains be removed from teeth?

Microabrasion is a targeted technique used to correct enamel imperfections, particularly stains caused by fluorosis following excess fluoride exposure during childhood. The treatment removes a very thin layer of enamel using a special mixture containing acid and mild abrasive agents. It is carried out under a dentist's supervision and requires precision to preserve the integrity of the teeth. Microabrasion can significantly improve the appearance of the teeth by removing embedded stains while preserving their natural structure. It is particularly suitable for patients with shallow, localised stains.

Dental polishing is a simple, non-invasive procedure that removes superficial stains caused by plaque or tartar deposits and by strongly coloured foods and drinks. During polishing, the dentist uses a special, mildly abrasive paste and a rotating brush to clean the surface of the teeth. As well as restoring brightness, this treatment smooths the enamel surface, which can make it less prone to future deposits. It is a relatively quick procedure that does not require an anaesthetic and may be combined with scaling where appropriate.

Icon resin infiltration is used to treat white stains, which are often caused by enamel demineralisation, for example after orthodontic treatment. Unlike techniques that remove or abrade enamel, this method infiltrates a clear resin directly into the discoloured areas. This masks the stains by making their appearance more consistent with the rest of the tooth. The procedure is quick, painless and preserves the enamel structure, with a visible improvement soon after treatment. It may be particularly suitable for patients with diffuse stains or stains on visible areas of the teeth, without the need for a more invasive treatment.

Whitening kits are a common option for whitening teeth at home. Available from pharmacies, online or from a dentist, they usually contain gels based on hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide. The kits also include custom-made or universal trays, into which the gel is placed before the tray is fitted over the teeth. Whitening may take several days or weeks depending on the product concentration and frequency of use. A change may be visible after a few applications, but the instructions must be followed carefully to avoid gum irritation or tooth sensitivity.

Whitening toothpastes are a convenient option for daily use. They contain mild abrasives or ingredients such as bicarbonate of soda or peroxide, which help remove superficial stains caused by coffee, tea or tobacco. Unlike whitening kits, these toothpastes act only on external stains and do not alter the tooth's intrinsic colour. They may help maintain the results of whitening treatment or limit the build-up of new surface stains. However, highly abrasive toothpastes should not be used over long periods, as they can wear the enamel and increase sensitivity.

Good oral hygiene is also essential. Brush regularly with a suitable toothpaste and clean between the teeth with floss or interdental brushes. A mouthwash may be recommended in some circumstances. To avoid damaging enamel, wait around 30 minutes before brushing after consuming acidic foods or drinks. This allows the mouth's pH to stabilise and saliva to help neutralise the acidity, reducing the risk of enamel erosion.

Finally, regular dental examinations allow problems to be detected at an early stage and help maintain good oral health. Your dentist will advise how often you should attend based on your individual needs.